Escalation of Houthi Attacks in the Red Sea Threatens Maritime Security
Recent attacks by Yemen’s Houthi rebels on commercial vessels in the Red Sea have raised significant concerns about the safety of international maritime trade. The most recent incident involved a Liberian-flagged cargo ship, resulting in the deaths of three mariners and injuries to two others. These attacks mark a troubling resurgence of hostilities in a critical waterway that plays a vital role in global commerce.
The Attack on the Eternity C
The Eternity C, a Greek-owned vessel, was targeted by the Houthis, who reportedly used small boats and drones equipped with bombs. The crew on board engaged in self-defense, and both the EU Operation Aspides and private security firm Ambrey confirmed these details. Although the Houthis have not officially claimed responsibility for the attack, both the exiled Yemeni government and the EU force have attributed the assault to the group. The U.S. State Department also condemned the attack, emphasizing the threat posed by Iran-backed Houthi rebels to freedom of navigation and regional stability.
The injured crew member lost a limb, and the vessel remains adrift in the Red Sea, leaving the crew stranded. This incident highlights the ongoing risks faced by merchant ships navigating through the region.
The Sinking of the Magic Seas
In a separate attack, the bulk carrier Magic Seas, which was carrying fertilizer and steel billets bound for Turkey, was attacked by the Houthis using drones, missiles, and small arms fire. The 22 crew members were forced to abandon the vessel. The Houthis released a propaganda video showing their forces boarding the empty ship, chanting slogans and planting explosives that ultimately led to its sinking.
This attack has drawn widespread condemnation from the international community. The European Union warned that such actions threaten regional peace and stability, as well as global commerce. The United Nations called on the Houthis to comply with Security Council resolutions demanding an immediate halt to all attacks. The incident also exacerbated the already dire humanitarian situation in Yemen.
Rescue Efforts and International Response
The UAE reported that an Abu Dhabi Ports vessel rescued the 22 sailors from the Magic Seas. The Philippines confirmed that 17 of its citizens were on the Magic Seas, while another 21 were aboard the Eternity C. These events have heightened concerns about the potential for a renewed Houthi campaign against shipping, which could draw in U.S. and Western forces.
The attacks coincide with a sensitive period in the Middle East, as discussions over a possible ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas war continue. Additionally, Iran is considering whether to restart negotiations over its nuclear program following U.S. airstrikes targeting its atomic sites during the Israel-Iran conflict in June.
Houthi Motivations and Regional Implications
The Houthis have been launching missile and drone attacks against commercial and military ships in the region, claiming these actions are aimed at ending Israel’s offensive against Hamas in the Gaza Strip. Between November 2023 and January 2025, the group targeted more than 100 merchant vessels, resulting in the sinking of two and the death of four sailors. This campaign has significantly disrupted trade through the Red Sea corridor, which typically handles $1 trillion in goods annually.
The last Houthi attack targeting U.S. warships occurred in early December. A ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas war held until March, after which the U.S. launched a broad assault against the rebels. However, the Houthis have continued occasional missile attacks targeting Israel, and while shipping through the Red Sea has increased in recent weeks, it remains below normal levels.
Analysts suggest that the recent attacks undermine U.S. claims that Operation Rough Rider had restored calm to the Red Sea. The Soufan Center think tank noted that the U.S. may be less likely to take further action unless the situation escalates into a broader and sustained Houthi campaign.
Ongoing Concerns and Future Outlook
As the situation in the Red Sea continues to evolve, the international community remains vigilant. The potential for further attacks by the Houthis raises concerns about the stability of one of the world’s most important maritime routes. With tensions in the Middle East at a critical juncture, the implications of these attacks extend far beyond the region, affecting global trade and security.
