Tanzania’s Ambitious Geothermal Energy Projects
Tanzania has unveiled a significant plan to invest over Sh1.48 trillion by 2030, focusing on two major geothermal power projects located at Ngozi Crater and Kiejo-Mbaka in Mbeya region. This initiative aims to diversify the country’s energy mix and enhance the reliability of its electricity supply. The projects are being spearheaded by the Tanzania Geothermal Development Company (TGDC), a subsidiary of the Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited (Tanesco).
At the 49th Dar es Salaam International Trade Fair (DITF) on Sunday, July 6, Mr. Shakiru Kajugus, Director of Business Development at TGDC, shared insights about the project’s scope. He mentioned that the Ngozi Crater project is expected to generate 70 megawatts (MW) of electricity, while the Kiejo-Mbaka project will produce 60 MW. Together, these projects are projected to add 130 MW to the national grid by 2030, significantly supporting the nation’s transition to reliable and renewable energy sources.
Mr. Kajugus emphasized that although Tanzania has the potential to generate more than 5,000 MW from geothermal sources, the 130 MW target marks the first step toward long-term development of this clean energy source. The electricity generated will also contribute to broader continental efforts to connect over 300 million Africans who currently lack access to electricity.
The Ngozi project, which started in 2015, is now entering a critical phase with the commencement of drilling for three geothermal wells this month. Each well will reach depths of 1,500 metres, accessing underground temperatures of up to 250°C. Mr. Kajugus noted that the drilling process is expected to take approximately six months, and preparations are complete. He encouraged citizens to visit TGDC’s booth at the trade fair to learn more about the project.
In addition to the two main projects, TGDC has identified over 50 geothermal sites across 16 regions, each with potential for power generation. Future development plans include areas such as Songwe, Lohoi in the Coast Region, and Lake Natron in Arusha. Mr. Kajugus explained that geothermal energy extends beyond electricity production. The same technology can be utilized in agriculture, greenhouses, poultry hatcheries, tourism, recreational facilities, swimming pools, and wellness services like skin therapy.
The application of geothermal energy across various sectors is anticipated to boost government revenue, create jobs, and improve livelihoods. TGDC is collaborating closely with the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), which provides technical expertise and capacity building support for the projects. Currently, two Tanzanian engineers are pursuing master’s degrees in geothermal studies in Japan under this partnership.
Geothermal development in Tanzania dates back to the 1970s when initial studies were conducted along the East African Rift Valley. Between 1976 and 1979, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) facilitated early surveys with experts from Sweden and Iceland. These studies identified dozens of geothermal springs stretching from northern Tanzania to Mbeya, with suitable heat levels for power generation.
As electricity demand continues to rise, Tanzania is increasingly focusing on renewable sources to reduce reliance on hydropower and fossil fuels. TGDC believes that successful geothermal development will enhance energy security, support industries, and align with the country’s sustainable development goals.
