A Rising Tension: Migrant Effigies and Sectarian Divides in Northern Ireland
In Northern Ireland, the annual tradition of bonfires has taken on a new and controversial meaning. This year, an effigy representing migrants wearing life jackets and a boat was burned in a massive fire, symbolizing the growing intersection between sectarian divides and anti-immigrant sentiment. The event took place in the village of Moygashel, where the burning of the effigy sparked widespread debate and concern.
The bonfire, which was part of the July 12 celebrations—marking the victory of Protestant king William of Orange over his Catholic rival in 1690—has long been a source of tension between the predominantly Protestant loyalist community and the Catholic population. For many Catholics, these events are seen as provocative and often lead to violence. The recent addition of a migrant effigy, complete with a sign that read “Veterans before refugees,” only intensified the controversy.
Organizers of the event were unapologetic, with one individual identifying himself as a “community representative” stating, “Wherever we have to place a bonfire, we will.” His message was clear: the content of the bonfire is their choice, and no one will dictate otherwise. This defiance came just a month after a series of anti-immigrant attacks and unrest occurred in nearby towns like Ballymena and Belfast.
Experts note that this rise in anti-immigrant rhetoric is not isolated but rather a reflection of broader societal shifts. Dominic Bryan, an anthropology professor at Queen’s University Belfast, explained that the power once held by pro-UK Protestant loyalists has significantly diminished. In 2021, for the first time, Catholics outnumbered Protestants in Northern Ireland, with 45.7% of the population identifying as Catholic compared to 43.48% as Protestant.
This demographic shift has led to a sense of loss among some working-class loyalists, who feel they have lost influence and representation. As a result, some have turned to anti-immigrant arguments, which can make their demonstrations appear more extreme. Bryan noted that the change in fortunes has created a sense of urgency among these groups, leading them to adopt more radical positions.
The Role of Loyalist Groups
Loyalist groups, which played a significant role during the Troubles, continue to exert influence in certain areas. Daniel Holder, director of the human rights group Committee on the Administration of Justice, highlighted that while the peace process has brought about significant changes, some loyalist paramilitary organizations remain active. He emphasized that the presence of these groups makes the situation in Northern Ireland particularly dangerous, as they are often involved in racist acts of violence and intimidation.
Despite the police’s assertion that there was no direct evidence of loyalist paramilitaries being involved in the recent riots, the political landscape remains divided. Leaders from across the spectrum condemned the violence, with the unionist DUP party criticizing the anti-immigrant effigy. However, others from loyalist areas defended the act, highlighting the deep-seated tensions that persist.
Looking Ahead
As the July 12 celebrations approach, the atmosphere in Northern Ireland remains tense. In the loyalist Shankill area of Belfast, preparations for the bonfires are already underway, with some residents traveling from out of town to participate. Lewis McGee, a 32-year-old Scot, expressed his support for the burning of the migrant effigy, emphasizing his belief in the future of Northern Ireland as a British, Protestant, and loyalist region.
The events in Northern Ireland reflect a complex interplay of history, identity, and current social dynamics. As the province continues to navigate its evolving demographic and political landscape, the question of how to address these deep-seated divisions remains a pressing challenge.
