In the center of Split, Croatia, stands the Cathedral of Saint Domnius, which remains the oldest active Roman Catholic cathedral. This architectural marvel holds a fascinating history, eagerly awaiting exploration!
At the center of the
Croatian city of Split
Standing here is an exceptional cathedral with roots tracing back to ancient times. Known as the Cathedral of Saint Domnius, this structure stands out as a remarkable piece of architecture and is believed to be the earliest enduring cathedral in Europe. Initially, the edifice served as a
tomb of Roman Emperor Diocletian
Around 310, he passed away. As for Diocletian, born in Dalmatia and the creator of the renowned palace in Split, an edifice was constructed during his time to serve as his final resting place. However, approximately 350 years after his death, under Archbishop John of Ravenna’s initiative, the structure was converted into a Roman Catholic church. Ironically, what once served as an imperial tomb then came to honor Saint Domnius, a bishop who had been executed by Diocletian.
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From royal burial ground to architectural marvel
The architecture of the cathedral continues to be as captivating as always, maintaining an outstanding state of preservation. At its foundation lies the eight-sided design of the initial tomb, encircled by 24 granite Corinthian pillars characteristic of Roman artistic style. Throughout history, the edifice has undergone modifications. In the 12th century, a bell tower was incorporated into the complex.
th
The century was later followed by a Baroque apse constructed in the 1700s.
th
century.
Not until 1908 did the massive 57-meter-tall bell tower undergo renovation. Scaling it offers an extraordinary adventure. Atop this structure, one can relish a breathtaking panorama of Split’s urban landscape, with its earthen-hued rooftops, the remnants of Diocletian’s palace, and naturally, the sapphire sea beyond.
Adriatic Sea
.
A location brimming with history and spiritual significance
Beyond its impressive structure, the Cathedral of Saint Domnius holds an invaluable collection of sacred artifacts. Notably, even its principal entryway stands as a remarkable work of art. The wooden doors crafted in 1214 by the local artisan Andrija Buvina illustrate 28 episodes from Jesus’s life through intricate carvings.
Inside the cathedral, you can find frescoes, sculpted friezes, and relief carvings honoring the Virgin Mary and Saint Domnius. Within the sacristy, valuable relics belonging to the latter are exhibited for veneration, along with old religious garments and artifacts made from gold and silver. Additionally, the cathedral includes a crypt devoted to Saint Lucia of Syracuse, which features a healing spring believed to restore vision. Furthermore, there’s a baptistery that was originally part of an older temple structure.
A cathedral welcoming everyone
Visitors to
Croatia
You can view this historical landmark every day of the week. During summertime, the Cathedral of Saint Domnius is accessible from 8 AM to 8 PM (with shorter hours in winter months). The bell tower is open for visits from 9 AM to 7 PM. Admission comes at a minimal cost; visitors need only contribute a single symbolic Euro.
Nonetheless, keep in mind that the cathedral was constructed within limited confines. Therefore, for those merely transiting through, you can appreciate its impressive profile from the “Poljana Kraljica Jelene” footpath, which is bordered by arcade structures and traditional facades characteristic of the historical district.
